Overview
Welcome to the open-access Health Professions Education Research (HPER) course, a collaboration between the Office of Continuing Professional Development (CPD), the McMaster Education Research, Innovation and Theory (MERIT) Program, and the McMaster Health Science Education MSc Program (HSED).
Health professions education research includes experimental, applied and practice-based research. In fact, education research may be better described as education scholarship, “an umbrella term that can encompass … the many facets of education research, as well as the design, implementation and evaluation of educational innovations.” (Van Melle, 2014)
HPER introduces key ideas and processes in education scholarship. As academic health professionals, we are committed to advancing our field. If you are new to the health professions or new to education scholarship, this course provides a systematic, structured approach for you to consider before turning your big idea into a scholarship.
Reference: Van Melle E, Lockyer J, Curran V, Lieff S, St Onge C, Goldszmidt M. Toward a common understanding: supporting and promoting education scholarship for medical school faculty. Medical education. 2014 Dec;48(12):1190-200. Get it Mac | Read in Medical Education
Unit 1: The Nature of Knowing
Unit 1 is about becoming familiar with a wide variety of current health professions education (HPE) research, scholarship, techniques, and considers several approaches to advancements in the field. It covers a wide range of topics in HPE research, from epistemological philosophy to various applications of research methodologies.
Module 1
Module 1-1 The Philosophy of Science Start Module
Featuring: Meredith Vanstone, Teresa Chan, Lara Varpio
Module 1-1 The Philosophy of Science - Start Module
In this module you will explore the philosophical principles that underpin our assumptions in science. As potential knowledge producers, and also as frequent knowledge consumers, this is a very key concept that any education scholar should know.
Our first video is by Dr. Meredith Vanstone about the differences between some key paradigms and the ways in which they affect the questions you ask, the data you collect and results you find.
This HPER podcast features two of our adjunct MERIT scientists Drs. Teresa Chan & Lara Varpio discussing the nature of evidence. Check it out now by clicking on the orange button to the left our take a look at our complete podcast collection here.
Featured Education Scholars
Meredith Vanstone is an associate professor in McMaster’s Department of Family Medicine; an adjunct scientist with McMaster’s program for Education Research, Innovation & Theory (MERIT) and a member of the Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis (CHEPA). She holds a PhD in Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (health professional education) from Western University. Vanstone uses a variety of qualitative research methods to investigate the ethical implications of health professional education and practice. Vanstone supervises in the following graduate programs: Health Sciences Education (MSc), Health Research Methodology (Msc and PhD) and Health Policy (PhD).
Dr. Lara Varpio is Professor of Medicine, and Associate Director of Research for the Health Professions Education graduate degree program at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU). She also holds adjunct status at McMaster University. She is a co-host of the KeyLIME podcast.
Dr. Teresa Chan (@TChanMD) is an associate professor in the Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine at McMaster University. She is the assistant dean for McMaster Faculty of Health Sciences Program for Faculty Development (@MacPFD). She is an avid scholar in health professions education and works with the MERIT group (@MERIT_McMaster), and conducts research and scholarship within this area.
Additional Readings
Bergman E, de Feijter J, Frambach J, Godefrooij M, Slootweg I,Stalmeijer R, van der ZwetJ. AM last page: A guide to research paradigms relevant to medical education. Academic Medicine.2012 Apr 1;87(4):545. Get it Mac | See on Academic Medicine
Castillo-Page L, Bodilly S, Bunton SA. AM last page: Understanding qualitative and quantitative research paradigms in academic medicine. Academic Medicine. 2012 Mar 1;87(3):386. Get it Mac | See on Academic Medicine
Module 1-2 The Nature of Evidence: Inductive and Deductive Reasoning Start Module
Featuring: Lara Varpio
Module 1-2 The Nature of Evidence: Inductive and Deductive Reasoning - Start Module
In this module you will be delving deeper into the philosophy behind how and what we know what we know. What is the nature of evidence in HPE? What types of scientific work can you expect within this field?
Here is a great podcast by Dr. Lara Varpio who is an adjunct scientist at MERIT and a co-host of the KeyLIME podcast.
Featured Education Scholars
Dr. Lara Varpio is Professor of Medicine, and Associate Director of Research for the Health Professions Education graduate degree program at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU). She also holds adjunct status at McMaster University. She is a co-host of the KeyLIME podcast.
Additional Readings
Varpio L, MacLeod A. Philosophy of Science Series: Harnessing the Multidisciplinary Edge Effect by Exploring Paradigms, Ontologies, Epistemologies, Axiologies, and Methodologies. Academic Medicine. 2020 May;95(5):686–9. Get it Mac | See on Academic Medicine
Module 1-3 Common Methods of Education Research Start Module
Featuring: Featuring: Shelley-Ann Li, Sandra Monteiro, Meghan McConnell, Allison Brown, and Anthony Artino
Module 1-3 Common Methods of Education Research - Start Module
Welcome to module 3. Before you dive into the rest of the moduwe felt that you may want to have some basic overviews of popular methods used in health profession education. Check out this vast and growing library of methods primers that we have assembled.
Suggested Readings
Gehlbach H, Artino Jr AR, Durning SJ. AM last page: survey development guidance for medical education researchers. Academic Medicine. 2010 May 1;85(5):925. Get it Mac | See on Academic Medicine
Chen HC, Teherani A. Common qualitative methodologies and research designs in health professions education. Academic Medicine. 2016 Dec 1;91(12):e5. Get it Mac | See on Academic Medicine
Paradis E. The tools of the qualitative research trade. Academic Medicine. 2016 Dec 1;91(12):e17. Get it Mac | See on Academic Medicine
Blanchard RD, Torbeck L, Blondeau W. AM last page: a snapshot of three common program evaluation approaches for medical education. Academic Medicine. 2013 Jan1;88(1):146. Get it Mac | See on Academic Medicine
Van Melle E. Using a logic model to assist in the planning,implementation, and evaluation of educational programs. Academic Medicine. 2016 Oct 1;91(10):1464. Get it Mac | See on Academic Medicine
Fischer F, Kesselheim JC. AM lage page: 23 Questions to Guide the Writing of a Quantitative Medical Education Research Proposal. Academic Medicine. 2020. In Press. Get it Mac | See on Academic Medicine
This video by Dr. Sandra Monteiro provides a basic understanding of psychometric strategies for evaluating performance to assist you in the development of a test, selecting competencies to include and the forms of information that you can reliably draw from your test.
Ethnography, Phenomenography and Phenomenology
Our second podcast by Shelley-Anne Li covers the defining features of three different qualitative research traditions.
Our first video is by Dr. Sandra Monteiro and provides an overview of considerations in experimentation and hypothesis testing.
This video by Dr. Meghan McConnell provides a broad overview of common qualitative methodologies in health professions education research and centers the discussion around Grounded Theory.
Generic Qualitative Approaches
This video by Dr. Meghan McConnell defines generic qualitative research and explores two broad genres: interpretive description and descriptive qualitative research.
In this module, Dr. Sandra Monteiro discusses the designing of surveys and questionnaires and best ways to use their data.
This podcast features Dr. Anthony Artino (George Washington University) discussing the art of designing surveys and some tips that he has for doing this well.
This video by Dr. Meghan McConnell provides an overview of various elements of different mixed methods designs and their applications.
In this video, Dr. Meghan McConnell describes the characteristics of a research interview and provides a guide for its design, implementation and analysis.
Observational Research Methods
Dr. Meghan McConnell discusses the advantages and disadvantages of collecting and utilizing qualitative research data and a number of ways in which these methods can differ.
Introduction to Quality Improvement
This video by Dr. Allison Brown discusses the application the methodology of quality improvement and its application to health professions education programming.
Featured Education Scholars
Shelly-Anne Li is the research and quality improvement (QI) lead at the Al & Malka Green Artists’ Health Centre, University Health Network. Shelly-Anne is in the final year of her PhD in Health Systems Research at the University of Toronto, and has completed her MSc in Health Research Methodology at McMaster University. She is interested in understanding how organizational contexts influence the implementation of evidence-based strategies in healthcare settings, the decision-making processes in guideline development, and medical education. She specializes in research design and methods, program evaluation, as well as implementation and knowledge translation of evidence-based practices.
Dr. Sandra Monteiro, PhD (@monteiro_meded) is a Scientist with the McMaster (Faculty of Health Sciences Program for) Education, Research, Innovation and Theory (MERIT) and the Assistant Director of Scholarship in the Centre for Simulation Based Learning. Her research program applies theories of human cognition to the development of effective health professions education and assessment.
Dr. Meghan McConnell completed her PhD in cognitive psychology at McMaster University, followed by two postdoctoral fellowships, the first at the Medical Council of Canada with an emphasis on psychometrics in high stakes examinations, and the second at the University of British Columbia with an emphasis on medical education. In 2013, she became an Assistant Professor in the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics at McMaster University. In September, 2016, Dr. McConnell joined the Faculty of Medicine at University of Ottawa, where she is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Innovations in Medical Education, with a cross-appointment to the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine.
Allison Brown is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Medicine and Department of Community Health Sciences. She completed a PhD in Community Health Sciences at the University of Calgary, specializing in Medical Education, and a MSc in Health Research Methods at McMaster University. Dr. Brown is a generalist, mixed methods researcher whose interests in medical education are broad and dynamic, including: quality improvement and patient safety; performance improvement; social justice and accountability; and competency-based medical education. Her biography can be found at her University of Calgary page.
Anthony R. Artino, Jr. is tenured professor and Interim Associate Dean for Evaluation and Educational Research at The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences. He received his PhD in educational psychology from the University of Connecticut and served 23 years in the U.S. Navy, retiring as Captain in 2020. Dr. Artino is a member of several editorial review boards, and he has published more than 200 scientific articles and book chapters.
Unit 2: Approaching the Project
Unit 2 requires the consideration of aspects of completing research or development activities, including literature searching and reviews, articulating one’s research objectives, methods and analyses, and then defending those methods. Unit 2 will provide a strong foundation for the generation of successful, high-quality research proposals that will foster novel insight in health professions education.
Information Box Group
Module 2-1 Searching and Reviewing the Literature Start Module
Featuring: Larkin Larmarche & Teresa Chan
Module 2-1 Searching and Reviewing the Literature - Start Module
Welcome to Unit 2. In this module you will learn about literature reviews and how they will assist you in doing your work in health professions education.
Searching and Reviewing the Literature
This podcast features Drs. Teresa Chan and Larkin Lamarche on the topic of literature reviews.
This resource has been compiled by the McMaster Health Sciences Librarians for the Bachelor’s of Health Sciences program, but is a great review for those re-entering new fields or new to our systems and resources here at McMaster.
Interested in learning about a game-changing software that can help you be more efficient at completing structured, publishable reviews? Covidence is that software – and we are very lucky that McMaster has an institutional license. To make it easy to learn, the McMaster HSL has created some easy to follow tutorials about this software.
Featured Education Scholars
Dr. Teresa Chan (@TChanMD) is an associate professor in the Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine at McMaster University. She is the assistant dean for McMaster Faculty of Health Sciences Program for Faculty Development (@MacPFD). She is an avid scholar in health professions education and works with the MERIT group (@MERIT_McMaster), and conducts research and scholarship within this area.
Dr. Larkin Larmarche is a former teacher in the Health Sciences Education master’s program. They are a Research Associate and Assistant Professor (part-time) with the Department of Family Medicine. They support several research programs within the department that focus on novel ways to support patients within primary care. Their own research program works toward understanding how body image (how you feel, think and act toward your body) is understood by primary health care providers and manifests in people who use the primary health care system. They are passionate about making conversations about body image more stigma-free and less medicalized in primary health care.
Additional Readings
Sewell JL, Maggio LA, Artino Jr AR. Planning the literature review. Academic Medicine. 2016 Dec 1;91(12):e18. Get it Mac | See on Academic Medicine
Maggio LA, Tannery NH, KanterSL. AM last page: how to perform an effective database search. Academic Medicine. 2011 Aug 1;86(8):1057 Get it Mac | See on Academic Medicine
Grant MJ, Booth A. A typology of reviews: an analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies. Health Information & Libraries Journal. 2009 Jun;26(2):91-108. Get it Mac | See in Journal
Module 2-2 Defining Research Objectives and Formulating Research Questions Start Module
Featuring: Larkin Lamarche & Teresa Chan
Module 2-2 Defining Research Objectives and Formulating Research Questions - Start Module
In this module you will explore how to define your research objectives and how to formulate a good research question.
This podcast features Drs. Teresa Chan and Larkin Lamarche on the topic of research questions.
Please note that some of the resources mentioned in this podcast are found in the Suggested Readings section at the bottom of this module.
This podcast features Drs. Teresa Chan and Larkin Lamarche on the topic of literature reviews. You may find that this podcast is repeated from the previous page, but that is by design. If you do not require the refresher by listening to this, please proceed on to the readings below.
Featured Education Scholars
Dr. Larkin Larmarche is a former teacher in the Health Sciences Education master’s program. They are a Research Associate and Assistant Professor (part-time) with the Department of Family Medicine. They support several research programs within the department that focus on novel ways to support patients within primary care. Their own research program works toward understanding how body image (how you feel, think and act toward your body) is understood by primary health care providers and manifests in people who use the primary health care system. They are passionate about making conversations about body image more stigma-free and less medicalized in primary health care.
Dr. Teresa Chan (@TChanMD) is an associate professor in the Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine at McMaster University. She is the assistant dean for McMaster Faculty of Health Sciences Program for Faculty Development (@MacPFD). She is an avid scholar in health professions education and works with the MERIT group (@MERIT_McMaster), and conducts research and scholarship within this area.
Suggested Readings
Cook DA, Bordage G, Schmidt HG. Description, justification and clarification: a framework for classifying the purposes of research in medical education. Medical education. 2008;42(2):128-33. Get it Mac | See on Medical Education
Eva, K. W. (2008). On the limits of systematicity. Medical Education, 42(9), 852–853. Get it Mac | See on Medical Education
Dine CJ, Shea JA, Kogan JR. Generating good research questions in health professions education. Academic Medicine. 2016 Dec1;91(12):e8. Get it Mac | See on Academic Medicine
O’Brien BC, Ruddick VJ, Young JQ. Generating research questions appropriate for qualitative studies in health professions education. Academic Medicine. 2016 Dec 1;91(12):e16. Get it Mac | See on Academic Medicine
Monte AA, Libby AM. Introduction to the Specific Aims Page of a Grant Proposal. Academic Emergency Medicine. 2018 Sep;25(9):1042-7. Get it Mac | See on Academic Emergency Medicine
Module 2-3 Setting and Defending your Methodological Choices Start Module
Featuring: Larkin Lamarche & Teresa Chan
Module 2-3 Setting and Defending your Methodological Choices - Start Module
Welcome to the end of unit 2. In this module you will explore how theory interfaces with your study design and how to think about selecting and creating your study methods.
In this podcast you will explore the ways in which you may need to message and explain your methodological choices. In this episode, Drs. Sandra Monteiro & Teresa Chan discuss the ways in which you might explain and/or defend your methodological choices.
Theory, Theoretical Frameworks, and Conceptual Frameworks
In this podcast you will explore how theory intersects with health professions education research and scholarship. Drs. Teresa Chan and Lara Varpio take you through these concepts together.
Featured Education Scholars
Dr. Lara Varpio is Professor of Medicine, and Associate Director of Research for the Health Professions Education graduate degree program at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU). She also holds adjunct status at McMaster University. She is a co-host of the KeyLIME podcast.
Dr. Teresa Chan (@TChanMD) is an associate professor in the Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine at McMaster University. She is the assistant dean for McMaster Faculty of Health Sciences Program for Faculty Development (@MacPFD). She is an avid scholar in health professions education and works with the MERIT group (@MERIT_McMaster), and conducts research and scholarship within this area.
Suggested Readings
Varpio L, Paradis E, Uijtdehaage S, Young M. The distinctions between theory, theoretical framework, and conceptual framework. Academic Medicine. 2020 Jul 1;95(7):989-94. Get it Mac | See on Academic Medicine
Bordage G. Conceptual frameworks to illuminate and magnify. Medical education. 2009 Apr;43(4):312-9. Get it Mac | See on Medical Education
Bordage G, Lineberry M, Yudkowsky R. Conceptual frameworks to guide research and development (R&D) in health professions education. Academic Medicine. 2016 Dec 1;91(12):e2 Get it Mac | See on Academic Medicine
Unit 3: Sharing Your Project
Unit 3 challenges one’s academic and literary skills and provides the foundation to create a strong and compelling research proposal. The topics included in Unit 3 cover the articulation of an introduction, methods and discussion sections, and also examine the impact of rhetoric in the potential impact of research.
Information Box Group
Module 3-1 Getting Started on Writing - Start Module
Welcome to the beginning of unit 3. In this module you will explore academic writing.
Pain and Pleasure of Writing
In this podcast, Drs. Teresa Chan and Lara Varpio take you through the pain points and pleasurable aspects of academic writing.
Writing Templates
When you are first getting started with writing, one of the hardest things you can do is stare at a blank page with a blinking cursor. Donated by Dr. Brent Thoma and Dr. Yusuf Yilmaz, these templates are ones that you can download and use to help you get started with writing.
Templates by Dr. Brent Thoma
Response to Reviewers Template
Template by Dr. Yusuf Yilmaz
Good habits are hard to form, but forming a daily writing habit can be very helpful! Check out this blog post with five tips on how to develop a writing habit in academia.
Writer’s block can be hard to combat.
The following is a blog post with five strategies that some junior academics have aggregated to help you combat the dreaded… writer’s block.
Take a look at what members of the ALiEM Faculty Incubator had to say about how you might battle writer’s block.
Authorship Ethics
Another hard part of working through the writing process is about bringing clarity to authorship obligations.
This module by the Centre for Faculty Development at the University of Toronto helps you to review key principles behind authorship ethics.
Thanks to Drs. Baker, Friesen, and Ng for their work on this module and sharing it with the world.
Baker L, Friesen F, Ng S. Authorship Ethics. An Online Supplement. [Internet]. 2018. Available from www.authorshipethics.com
Featured Education Scholars
Dr. Lara Varpio (@LaraVarpio) is Professor of Medicine, and Associate Director of Research for the Health Professions Education graduate degree program at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU). She also holds adjunct status at McMaster University. She is a co-host of the KeyLIME podcast.
Dr. Teresa Chan (@TChanMD) is an associate professor in the Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine at McMaster University. She is the assistant dean for McMaster Faculty of Health Sciences Program for Faculty Development (@MacPFD). She is an avid scholar in health professions education and works with the MERIT group (@MERIT_McMaster), and conducts research and scholarship within this area.
Dr. Brent Thoma (@Brent_Thoma) is an associate professor in the Department of Emergency Medicine at the University of Saskatchewan. He is the Vice-Chair of the Clinician Educator Area of Focused Competence for the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. He is an avid education scholar and researcher in health professions education.
Dr. Yusuf Yilmaz (@YusufYilmazPhD) is a postdoctoral fellow at McMaster University. He is situated within the McMaster Faculty of Health Sciences Program for Faculty Development (@MacPFD), MERIT (@MERIT_McMaster), and the McMaster Department of Medicine (@MacDeptMed). He is an avid scholar in health professions education, and conducts research and scholarship within education technology.
Suggested Readings
All of these pieces can be found here in one single site: Writer’s Craft Writing Guides from PMED
Key Parts of a Paper
Lingard L. Joining a conversation: the problem/gap/hook heuristic. Perspectives on Medical education. 2015 Oct 1;4(5):252-3.
Lingard L. Writing an effective literature review. Perspectives on medical education. 2018 Apr 1;7(2):133-5.
Lingard L. Does your discussion realize its potential?. Perspectives on medical education. 2017 Oct 1;6(5):344-6.
Lingard L. The art of limitations. Perspectives on Medical Education. 2015 Jun;4(3):136-7.
Lingard L. Bonfire red titles. Perspectives on medical education. 2016 Jun 1;5(3):179-81.
Editing & Reviewing
Watling C, Lingard L. Giving feedback on others’ writing. Perspectives on Medical Education. 2019 Feb 1;8(1):25-7.
Watling C. The three ‘S’s of editing: story, structure, and style. Perspectives on medical education. 2016 Oct 1;5(5):300-2.
Lingard L. From semi-conscious to strategic paragraphing. Perspectives on medical education. 2019 Apr 1;8(2):98-100.
Watling C. Tuning your writing. Perspectives on Medical Education. 2017 Jun 1;6(3):189-91.
Style Primers
Lingard L. Pace, pause & silence: Creating emphasis & suspense in your writing. Perspectives on Medical Education. 2020 Feb;9(1):57-9.
Varpio L. Using rhetorical appeals to credibility, logic, and emotions to increase your persuasiveness. Perspectives on medical education. 2018 Jun 1;7(3):207-10.
Lingard L. The academic hedge Part I: Modal tuning in your research writing. Perspectives on Medical Education. 2020 Jan 17:1-4.
Watling C. The power of parallel structure. Perspectives on Medical Education. 2015 Dec 1;4(6):329-30.
Grammar Guides
Lingard L. Mastering the sentence. Perspectives on Medical Education. 2017 Feb 1;6(1):51-3.
Lingard L. Enlisting the power of the verb. Perspectives on Medical Education. 2015 Apr 1;4(2):53-4.
Lingard L. Get control of your commas. Perspectives on medical education. 2016 Feb 1;5(1):39-41.
Lingard L. Avoiding prepositional pile-up. Perspectives on medical education. 2015 Aug 1;4(4):186-7.
Module 3-2 Writing a Methods Section - Start Module
In this part of the curriculum you will explore how you might best write your methods section and articulate your hypotheses.
How to write a methods
Here’s a paper that takes you through a great explanation of how most health sciences papers methods section is constructed. Much of this can be generalized over to health professions education
Kallet RH. How to write the methods section of a research paper. Respiratory care. 2004 Oct 1;49(10):1229-32.
This is a MERIT rounds previously recorded in 2018 featuring Dr. Tanya Horsley speaking about reporting guidelines in Health Professions Education research.
Explore the Equator Network
The equator network (https://www.equator-network.org/) is a great resource when you a first starting to write up your methods section. It is a repository of reporting guidelines for nearly every type of research or scholarship.
These reporting guidelines can be very useful for new writers as they can help to prompt you as to the parts of a methods section that need to be reported.
Dr. Tanya Horsley PhD, MBA (@thorsley_handle) is the Associate Director, Research, at the Royal College. She is also the Principal Scientist with over 100 peer-reviewed abstracts and publications. She proudly serves as a faculty member within the School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, where she teaches approaches to evidence syntheses including systematic and scoping review methods. Tanya leads a program of research looking at the formalization of integrated knowledge translation for the co-creation, use and influence of research and complex systems of care with an interest on patient & caregiver engagement. She is frequently sought after for her expertise in evidence synthesis approaches and reporting guideline development.
Suggested Readings
Horsley T, Regehr G. When are two interventions the same? Implications for reporting guidelines in education. Medical education. 2018 Feb;52(2):141-3. Get it Mac | See on Medical Education
Horsley T, Galipeau J, Petkovic J, Zeiter J, Hamstra SJ, Cook DA. Reporting quality and risk of bias in randomised trials in health professions education. Medical Education. 2017 Jan;51(1):61-71. Get it Mac | See on Medical Education
Horsley T. Tips for improving the writing and reporting quality of systematic, scoping, and narrative reviews. Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions. 2019 Jan 1;39(1):54-7. Get it Mac | Read at JCHEP
Cook DA, Beckman TJ, Bordage G. Quality of reporting of experimental studies in medical education: a systematic review. Medical education. 2007 Aug;41(8):737-45. Get it Mac | Read on Medical Education
Module 3-3 The Anatomy of a Discussion - Start Module
In this part of the curriculum you will explore how to write a discussion within your paper.
“Does your discussion realize its potential?”
In this article entitled “Does your discussion realize its potential?”, Dr. Lorelei Lingard effectively summarizes the goal of a discussion. Together with the introduction, the discussion section of your paper helps to outline the story of your paper.
Suggested Readings
Dedhia J, Mukherjee E, Mehta N, Pawar AM. The Art of Writing a Scientific Research Paper-A Guide to Beginners. J Cont Med A Dent. 2017;5:11-8. Read it here
Module 3-4 Explaining your Potential Impact - Start Module
In this part of the curriculum you will explore how ensure that you articulate the impact of your work and couch it within the right rhetorical structures.
Impact Statements
Whether you are writing your grant or paper, it is important for the field to know why you work is important and how it relates to prior work. When you are writing a grant, this is important to communicate to your reviewers. When you are writing a paper, this section helps you to explain the relevance of your work to the field.
Here are some resources that can get you started on thinking about impact statements:
Writing Effective Impact Statements: Who Cares? So What?
Experimental study design and grant writing in eight steps and 28 questions.
Rhetorical appeals
Another Writer’s Craft paper that provides some insights to this is “Using rhetorical appeals to credibility, logic, and emotions to increase your persuasiveness” by Dr. Lara Varpio.
Read it here: Using rhetorical appeals to credibility, logic, and emotions to increase your persuasiveness
Unit 4: The Logistics of Your Project
Unit 4 is about becoming familiar with the “behind-the-scenes” work that is integral to every successful research project, including creating a research team, budgeting, timelines, and knowledge translation. By delving into these essential aspects of research, Unit 4 constructs the groundwork for the successful operation of a research project.
Information Box Group
Module 4-1 Considerations for Research Ethics in HPE - Start Module
Having a firm grasp on research ethics is a key part of being a health professions education researcher. This module is intended to scaffold your exploration of research ethics in HPE.
To be a Canadian researcher, one must be up-to-date and aware of good research practices. A great way to stay informed is to periodically take the Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS) Ethics training module. The certificate from this module is also a requirement of of most research ethics boards in Canada (e.g. Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board requires the Principal Investigator to submit the certificate to be able to receive approval from them for your project).
Suggested Readings
Jagsi R, Lehmann LS. The ethics of medical education. BMJ. 2004 Aug 5;329(7461):332-4. Read at BMJ
Artino Jr AR, Driessen EW, Maggio LA. Ethical shades of gray: international frequency of scientific misconduct and questionable research practices in health professions education. Academic Medicine. 2019 Jan 1;94(1):76-84. Get it Mac | Read in Academic Medicine.
Maggio, L.A., Artino Jr, A.R., Picho, K. and Driessen, E.W., 2018. Are you sure you want to do that? Fostering the responsible conduct of medical education research. Academic Medicine, 2018; 93(4): 544-549. Get it Mac | Read in Academic Medicine.
Maggio L, Dong T, Driessen E, Artino Jr A. Factors associated with scientific misconduct and questionable research practices in health professions education. Perspectives on medical education. 2019;8(2):74-82. Get it Mac | Read in Perspectives.
Artino AR. Assessing ethical dilemmas in educational research: Does formal ethics training make a difference?. Journal of College and Character. 2007;8(5). Read in JCC.
Maggio LA, Artino Jr AR, Watling CJ, Driessen EW, O’Brien BC. Exploring researchers’ perspectives on authorship decision making. Medical Education. 2019;53(12):1253-62. Get it Mac | Read in Medical Education.
Module 4-2 Working Collaboratively: Building a Research Team Start Module
Featuring: Yusuf Yilmaz, Michael Gottlieb, Mary Haas, Teresa Chan, Stefanie Sebok-Syer, Sandra Monteiro
Module 4-2 Working Collaboratively: Building a Research Team - Start Module
In this module, you will learn about how to work with your research teams.
This podcast features Dr. Stefanie Sebok-Syer and Dr. Sandra Monteiro about how to a great research collaborator.
MacPFD Scholarly Secrets – Collaborative Writing – Part 1
In part 1 of 3 of this webinar series on writing collaboratively, Drs. Teresa Chan and Yusuf Yilmaz introduce tools to assist people with their scholarly practice.
MacPFD Scholarly Secrets – Collaborative Writing – Part 2
In part 2 of 3 of this series, Drs. Mary Haas, Michael Gottlieb, Yusuf Yilmaz and Teresa Chan discuss the merits of collaborative writing techniques and its implications for the quality of writing.
MacPFD Scholarly Secrets – Collaborative Writing – Part 3
In part 3 of 3 of this series, Drs. Mary Haas, Michael Gottlieb, Yusuf Yilmaz and Teresa Chan discuss setting timelines for writing, managing deadlines and setting priorities in projects.
Navigating Authorship Discussions
The following resources are useful for those who are engaged in negotiating authorship within a larger group of collaborators:
Regehr G. When names are on the line: Negotiating authorship with your team. Perspectives on Medical Education. 2021 Jul 14:1-3. DOI: 10.1007/s40037-021-00675-8
Thoma B, de Wit K, Baker LR, Friesen F, Ng S, Chan T. The Case of the Honorary Authorship. Medical Education in Cases Series. Academic Life in Emergency Medicine. 2016. Accessed last August 25, 2021. Available at: https://www.aliem.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Case-of-the-Honorary-Authorship.pdf
Featured Education Scholars
Dr. Stefanie Sebok-Syer is an Instructor in the Department of Emergency Medicine at Stanford School of Medicine. Stefanie was postdoctoral fellow at the Centre for Education, Research and Innovation at the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry at Western University. She received her PhD in Measurement, Assessment, and Evaluation from Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario. Her research interests broadly include the examining aspects of performance-based assessments, capturing the interdependence that exists within teams, and developing innovative approaches to support the shift to competency-based medical education.
Dr. Sandra Monteiro is a Faculty of Health Sciences MERIT Scientist appointed to the Departments of Health Research Methods Evidence and Impact, Anesthesiology and Radiology. She has a second appointment to the Centre for Simulation Based Learning as the Assistant Director of Simulation Scholarship. Finally, Dr. Monteiro seconded to Touchstone Institute as the Director of Research and Analysis where she oversees the psychometric analyses of high stakes competency assessments for internationally educated health professionals seeking entry to practice in Canada. With her team at Touchstone Institute, Dr. Monteiro develops research initiatives to understand best practices for assessment and standard setting.
Dr. Mary Haas (@maryhaasmd) is an Assistant Program Director of the emergency medicine residency at University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, MI (@UMichiganEM). She is also completing a Master of Health Professions Education (MHPE). Her scholarship interests include education leadership, faculty development, social media and educational technology.
Dr. Yusuf Yilmaz (@YusufYilmazPhD) is a postdoctoral fellow at McMaster University. He is situated within the McMaster Faculty of Health Sciences Program for Faculty Development (@MacPFD), MERIT (@MERIT_McMaster), and the McMaster Department of Medicine (@MacDeptMed). He is an avid scholar in health professions education, and conducts research and scholarship within education technology.
Dr. Michael Gottlieb (MGottliebMD) is an associate professor in the Department of Emergency Medicine at Rush University Medical Center (@RushEmergency). He is the Director of the Emergency Ultrasound Division and Program Director for the Clinical Ultrasound Fellowship (@RushEMSono). He is an active researcher in medical education and clinical ultrasound, as well as an editor for five journals.
Additional Readings
Meyer H, VarpioL, Gruppen L, Sandhu G. The ethics and etiquette of research collaboration. Academic Medicine. 2016 Dec 1;91(12):e13 Get it Mac | See on Academic Medicine
Module 4-3 The Road to Publication Start Module
Featuring: Sandra Monteiro & Teresa Chan
Module 4-3 The Road to Publication - Start Module
In this module you will explore the overall journey that scholars and scientists take to get their work published.
Getting started in academic scholarship can be challenging. The whole process can be daunting for those who have not engaged in scholarly pursuits regularly. Walking from idea conception through to publication and dissemination can seem like a very long road.
This video serves as a short overview of the scholarly process. Narrated by two experienced scholars, this short video summarizes the scholarly journey in about 10 minutes. While not intended to be comprehensive, this video is meant to pull back the curtain for those interested in starting up a scholarly practice.
Should I go beyond an abstract?
This recent paper in the Canadian Medical Education Journal highlights the gap between conference abstracts and published papers. Take a read to find out what they had to say about developing your recent abstract into a publication.
This presentation (~1hr) from Dr. Lorelei Lingard speaks about her recently published book and the art of writing your papers.
Read her Writer’s Craft series here.
Read the book in the McMaster Library to read the book “Story, not study”.
Featured Education Scholars
Dr. Sandra Monteiro is a Faculty of Health Sciences MERIT Scientist appointed to the Departments of Health Research Methods Evidence and Impact, Anesthesiology and Radiology. She has a second appointment to the Centre for Simulation Based Learning as the Assistant Director of Simulation Scholarship. Finally, Dr. Monteiro seconded to Touchstone Institute as the Director of Research and Analysis where she oversees the psychometric analyses of high stakes competency assessments for internationally educated health professionals seeking entry to practice in Canada. With her team at Touchstone Institute, Dr. Monteiro develops research initiatives to understand best practices for assessment and standard setting.
Dr. Teresa Chan (@TChanMD) is an associate professor in the Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine at McMaster University. She is the assistant dean for McMaster Faculty of Health Sciences Program for Faculty Development (@MacPFD). She is an avid scholar in health professions education and works with the MERIT group (@MERIT_McMaster), and conducts research and scholarship within this area.
Suggested Readings
Meyer HS, Carline J, Durning SJ. Ten Tips to Move From“Revisions Needed” to Resubmission. Academic Medicine.2016 Dec 1;91(12):e15. Get it Mac | See on Academic Medicine
Eva KW. The reviewer is always right: peer review of research in Medical Education. Medical education. 2009 Jan;43(1):2-4. Get it Mac | See on Academic Medicine
Module 4-4 Budgets, Study Schedules, and Project Management Start Module
Featuring: Mark Lee, Teresa Chan, & Larkin Lamarche
Module 4-4 Budgets, Study Schedules, and Project Management - Start Module
Welcome to module 4 of unit 4. This module will be focus on some of the logistics around managing projects, including budgets and study schedules.
The Logistics of Getting it Done
This podcast features Mark Lee speaking about some of the key pearls for getting your project started and completed.
In this podcast, Drs. Teresa Chan and Larkin Lamarche are back to summarize and give you an overview of how all the content we’ve covered so far come together. We are hoping that this summary podacst will help with providing an overview of how you might bring together a team to take on a big project.
Research Project Management
This post links you to a great PDF summary by research project support guru Mark Lee.
Featured Education Scholars
Mark Lee is a research project support for the McMaster Education Research, Innovation & Theory (MERIT) program, and a sessional instructor with the Bachelor of Health Sciences (Honours) program Child Health Specialization at McMaster University. His curiosities has led him to explore a variety of research areas, some of which include: innovation in teaching and learning, clinical reasoning, education science, and child & youth development.
Dr. Teresa Chan (@TChanMD) is an associate professor in the Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine at McMaster University. She is the assistant dean for McMaster Faculty of Health Sciences Program for Faculty Development (@MacPFD). She is an avid scholar in health professions education and works with the MERIT group (@MERIT_McMaster), and conducts research and scholarship within this area.
Dr. Larkin Larmarche is a former teacher in the Health Sciences Education master’s program. They are a Research Associate and Assistant Professor (part-time) with the Department of Family Medicine. They support several research programs within the department that focus on novel ways to support patients within primary care. Their own research program works toward understanding how body image (how you feel, think and act toward your body) is understood by primary health care providers and manifests in people who use the primary health care system. They are passionate about making conversations about body image more stigma-free and less medicalized in primary health care.
Module 4-5 Planning Knowledge Translation and Dissemination Activities Start Module
Featuring: Teresa Chan & Aliki Thomas
Module 4-5 Planning Knowledge Translation and Dissemination Activities - Start Module
In this module you will explore different ways to get the word out about your research and scholarly work.
Social Media and the 21st-Century Scholar
This video is by Dr. Teresa Chan as she speaks about how we can integrate new strategies about Knowledge Translation in Health Professions Education Research.
Leveraging Knowledge Translation
This recorded MERIT rounds features Dr. Aliki Thomas who presented about Leveraging Knowledge Translation in HPE in 2020.
Featured Education Scholars
Dr. Teresa Chan (@TChanMD) is an associate professor in the Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine at McMaster University. She is the assistant dean for McMaster Faculty of Health Sciences Program for Faculty Development (@MacPFD). She is an avid scholar in health professions education and works with the MERIT group (@MERIT_McMaster), and conducts research and scholarship within this area.
Dr. Aliki Thomas (@aliki_thomas) is Associate Professor, School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, research scientist at the Institute of Health Sciences Education, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, and Site Director of Research at the Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital (CRIR). Her research is on health professions education and knowledge translation.
Suggested Readings
Gallo T. Congratulations! Your article has been accepted. Now what? Media, social media, and other outlets for promoting your work. Academic Medicine. 2016 Dec 1;91(12):e9. Get it Mac | See on Academic Medicine
Thomas A, BussièresA. Knowledge translation and implementation science in health professions education: time for clarity?. Academic Medicine. 2016 Dec 1;91(12):e20. Get it Mac | See on Academic Medicine